1. Icyo ubuhinzi bw’amatunda busobanuye
Akenshi mu Rwanda iyo twumvishe amatunda twunva imbuto zinzwi nk’amatunda asanzwe ahingwa ariko uyumunshi ngiye kwifashisha ijambo amatunda nshaka gusobanura imbuto muri rusange kugirango wunve ko nituvuga amatunda utaza kunva gusa igiti cy’itunda.
Ubuhinzi bw’amatunda aha ni uguhinga ibiti cyangwa ibimera bitanga imbuto ziribwa n’abantu, ziba izo kurya buri munsi, izo gutunganya mu nganda, cyangwa izo koherezwa mu mahanga. Amatunda ni nk’isoko ihoraho y’intungamubiri n’amafaranga, ariyo mpamvu ubundi mu rwanda tuzi inyito igira iti Matunda iko mbere.
2. Ubwoko bw’amatunda ahingwa cyane mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda, ikirere n’ubutaka byemerera amatunda menshi gukura neza, cyane cyane:
- Imitobe: Imyembe, amapapayi, inanasi, amacunga
- Amatunda yo kurya atunganye: Ibitoki (ibya kurya n’ibya byeri), avoka, amaronji
- Amatunda akunda ahakonje: Pome, amapeyeri, imisheke
- Amatunda ahingwa mu buryo bugezweho: Inkeri (strawberries), passion fruit (maracuja)
3. Iby’ingenzi bisabwa mbere yo guhinga
a) Ubutaka
- Bugomba kuba bufite ifumbire ihagije
- Butagomba kugumana amazi menshi
- Gukorerwa isesengura ry’ubutaka ni inyungu
b) Ikirere
- Amatunda menshi akenera imvura ihagije n’izuba riringaniye
- Aho imvura ari nke, kuhira ni ngombwa
c) Imbuto n’ingemwe nziza
- Hitamo ingemwe zemewe, zidafite indwara
- Ingemwe nziza ni nk’imizi y’ubukungu bwiza
4. Uko gutera bikorwa
- Gutoranya umurima no kuwuhingira neza
- Gupima intera ikwiye hagati y’ingemwe n’indi
- Gushyiramo ifumbire y’imborera mbere yo gutera
- Gutera ku gihe cy’imvura cyangwa ukoresheje kuhira
5. Kwita ku matunda mu gihe akura
a) Kuhira
- Amazi ahagije, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’izuba
- Kuhira bya gicuti birinda gupfusha amazi
b) Ifumbire
- Ifumbire y’imborera n’iy’imvaruganda bigomba gukoreshwa neza
- Kwitonda ku gipimo ni ingenzi
c) Kurwanya indwara n’udukoko
- Indwara zisanzwe: indwara z’ibibabi, kubora kw’imbuto
- Udusimba: amasazi, isazi z’amatunda
- Koresha imiti yemewe n’uburyo bwisumbuye (IPM)
d) Guca no gutunganya ibiti
- Guca amashami adakenewe
- Bituma igiti gihumeka neza kandi kigatanga umusaruro mwinshi
6. Igihe cyo gusarura
- Ssarura imbuto zeze neza
- Irinde kuzikubita cyangwa kuzikomeretsa
- Kubika neza bituma zigumana agaciro ku isoko
7. Isoko n’inyungu
- Amatunda arakenewe ku masoko yo mu gihugu no hanze
- Ashobora gutunganywa: umutobe, jam, ifu y’imbuto
- Gutunganya byongera agaciro n’inyungu
8. Inyungu z’ubuhinzi bw’amatunda
- Binjiriza umuryango
- Bitanga intungamubiri (vitamini n’imyunyu ngugu)
- Bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije
- Bitanga imirimo
9. Inama z’ingenzi ku muhinzi
- Tanga umwanya ku mahugurwa y’ubuhinzi bugezweho
- Korana n’inzego z’ubuhinzi n’amakoperative
- Jya wita ku isoko mbere yo guhinga
